Signing Off for the Last Time

In our last days of US History, we watched an informational movie titled "Thirteen Days", which was about the Cuban Missle Crisis between the USSR and the US. It illustrated that this was a time where there was no one to look up to for answers and that, that generation was the first to experience this type of crisis. But through perseverance, new ideas were made to allow this Crisis begin or end in War and the launching of Nuclear Missiles. It also showed how by having civilians be in charge over the military can bring a new perspective to crisis situations, and also inhibit shortcoming to arise. US History has taught me many things ranging from US History (obviously), sympathy and empathy, and how to correctly write and compose an essay with correct references. Thanks to Mrs. Lawson this would the first and only time I have ever enjoyed a History class.

The Ozone Holes

To whom this may concern,
 As I am writing this, the year is 2016 in the United States. The main topic of this letter is to discuss climate change not just locally but globally. Climate change was first addressed in the mid-1980’s when pollution was at an all time high. Everyone knows of the concerns of climate change, its causes, and its solutions to help fix it. Whether or not in the year of 2216 you all are still having this issue over climate change, I'm here to inform you of how we saw it as an issue. My main concern and purpose of this letter are to talk about the 2 Antarctic ozone holes. If by any chance at this time they've completely disappeared then you'll have no use of this letter, but if still present then this letter might help point you toward the solution on how on to fix the problem.

(2)

              Here are some basic facts on what we know about the ozone holes. More specifically there are 2 large holes in the Antarctic region. Both were formed in the early 2000’s, one in 2000 and the other in 2006. One is approximately 29.8 million square kilometers and the other is 29.6 million square kilometers. According to the article (1)The Ozone Layer, “The natural balance of the ozone hole has been disrupted by the emissions and production of ODS’s (Ozone Depleting Substances).” Emissions of CFC, halogens, CH₃CCl₃, carbon tetrachloride, HCFC’s, and methyl bromide are the main source and cause of the ozone holes. These substances can be emitted by refrigerators, air conditioners, fire extinguishers, aerosols, agricultural fumigants, and solvents used for cleaning electronic equipment. There is two cause to the depletion of the ozone human which was already stated and natural. Climate change caused by nature is a cycle, it can be dated back thousands of years, but in recent years,humans have added more to the change.

(4)

             When researching this topic I came across a very useful source, (2) About the Ozone Layer: 2010 Update, which not only have written information but charts as well to illustrate the information as well. Each question was a concern that was directed toward the ozone hole and was answered with specific data and information. The purpose of the ozone layer is to protect the Earth from harmful UV-A and UV-B radiations transmitted from the Sun. With the thinning of the ozone layer and creating the ozone holes, there are more chances of sickness such as cancer to occur for generations to come. This (3)article states how the ozone layer contributes to climate change, but it is not the sole reason for it. 

            (2) Protecting the ozone is the main concern and international efforts have been mad to help reduce the consumption and production of ODS’s. The “Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer” was an international agreement made by all United Nation members that would follow the rules on reducing consumption and productions of ODS’s. The Protocol has helped decrease the size of the hole and if everyone in the years to come comply with the rules decreasing ODS’s will happen throughout the 21^ST century. Between the years of 2050-2065, the ozone will be back to its form from before 1980.

                  It's important that we as humans take care of our environment. That we take the necessary steps to fix the wrongdoings that we have created as a race. If we want to be able to live on this Earth until the Sun explodes, in about 5 billion years, then we need to help keep the Earth to its almost perfect state once again. By taking the initiative and preserving the Earth, we take the burden off future generations' which leads them to have more productive and healthier lives.

 Sincerely,

Valeria Cowell

           

references:

1.The Ozone Layer: The Department of the Environment designs and implements the Australian Government’s policies and programmes to protect and conserve the environment, water, and heritage and promote climate action. The environmental framework is being delivered under four pillars: Clean air, Clean water, Clean land, and national heritage.2. 20 Questions and Answers About the Ozone Layer: 2010 Update: The update of this component of the Assessment was discussed by the 74 scientists who attended the Panel Review Meeting for the 2010 Ozone Assessment (Les Diablerets, Switzerland, 28 June–2 July 2010).
3.Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998 Executive Summary: NOAA's Mission: Science, Service, and Stewardship:1. To understand and predict changes in climate, weather, oceans and coasts. 2. To share that knowledge and information with others. 3. To conserve and manage coastal and marine ecosystems and resources.To understand and predict changes in climate, weather, oceans and coasts

Charts:
(4)Causes of Climate Change: The mission of EPA is to protect human health and the environment.

      

Concerns Over Climate

When it comes to the word climate most associate it with "global warming" not really thinking of anything else. Climate change is real and it has its consequences that will not only affect the  present but will affect the future. I am personally interested in the concerns over climate change “How long can we sustain this amount of fossil fuel energy and have a livable climate?” “Are the humans affecting the climate or is it just natural? Or a combination of both?” “What will the long-term effects of climate change be?” “Are humans to blame for the drastic changes in the climate?” “What will people in the future think about our society today?” “Who is to "blame" those who created climate issues, or those stood by?” These are all driving questions that will lead my research that will hopefully lead to more questions that can be answered and help to answer or figure out a solution to the climate concerns and problems.

In an article titled Global Concern about Climate Change, Broad Support for Limiting Emissions, it talked about how major world powers are coming together to help limit and stop the emission of pollution that is affecting the climate. These countries are trying to help solve the concerns over the climate in the future or to help lessen the concerns people have. 1. Concern about Climate Change and Its Consequences is an article that clearly stated the sad truth. "Despite such overwhelming concern, worries about climate change vary substntailly by region and country.". The reason this true is because some countries are more cautous about what they are emmiting than others (aka China). We don't want these concerns and questions over climate change to become real. We want them to be solved.

Future Oriented

When I looking through the various topics and questions that dealt with climate and its connection to history I found myself gravitating to the topic titled "Concerns". This topic is very future oriented which is why I want to focus on it. To answer these questions you have to know both the past and the present to be able to formulate an answer for the future, and in some cases, you just have to create different scenarios to answer. Answering anything that deals with the future is always up in the air because we will never know what the future will be until it comes.

The Great Depression

Read about the Great Depression (Links to an external site.).  According to this article, what was wrong with President Hoover's response?  Why did people blame themselves when things went wrong, and how valid or invalid was this response?

President Hoover believed and told Americans that the "Great Depression" would end in 60 days (not 10 years). He had said that "this is a passing incident in our national lives." Hoover also believed in "individualism" meaning that he thought that the government should help out the poor. American then began to feel ashamed and felt that they were guilty of "causing" the depression, this was an invalid response. People were living how they wanted and in some cases, this meant them spending all of their money and not saving it. They didn't cause the stock market to crash when it did.

Read about Black Sunday (Links to an external site.). How would you have felt if you'd been there on that day? What kinds of fears, concerns, or questions would be going through your mind during, and after, the event described?

If I were in the same situation as others did on April 14, 1935, find myself afraid for my life. I am already afraid of the dark and to just be surrounded by in for 4 hours would have me deathly afraid especially because I would also worry about my family. If this storm was to destroy everything I would have multiple questions. How long will this darkness last? What will happen in the end? Will I lose any or everything? What will I do now? 

Read about The Drought (Links to an external site.).  What areas were affected by it?  What caused it.  The author ends this article with a pithy quote.  Do you agree or disagree with this historian's perspective? Why or why not?

The Great Plains (" the western third of Kansas, Southeastern Colorado, the Oklahoma Panhandle, the northern two-thirds of the Texas Panhandle, and northeastern New Mexico” )were affected by the Great Drought. The Dust Bowl was caused by overuse, overgrazing, and "thin flimsy top soil" that the wind would pick up and what ultimately cause the storm. I agree with the authors that The Drought and The Dustbowl were created from miss use and because of no regulation on the use of the land.

Read about Mass Exodus from the Plains (Links to an external site.).  Where does the migration of people out of the Dust Bowl rank in terms of other migrations in US History?  What made life hard for people once they arrived in California?

The migration of people out of the Dust Bowl ranks as the largest migrations in US History. One aspect of California that made life hard for those migrating in was that the state was overcrowded. There was also the point that the crops between the great plains and California were complete different and that the jobd that the farmers did receive paid little to none.

History Speech Feedback

1. In general, I felt as though the  speeches allowed us to have a better understanding of the 1920's, but there were still minor mistakes such as stuttering and miss reading.

2. In my opinion, Madi, Avani, and Liddy were the ones that stood out the most. Their extensive use of vocabulary, way if speaking to the class, and their connection and understanding of what they wrote about.

3. I learned that for the next time I write a speech I will be more concise, use more extensive vocabulary, and try to know my speech better before reading out aloud.

Entertainment of the 1930's: The Radio

By the end of the 1920's almost every household had a radio in the United States. Listening to the radio was a popular type of pass time in the 1930's. According to the Prologue: Radio and the Great Depression, "Radios provided a much-needed distraction from the hardships of the Great Depression. They provided a social as well. In some areas, neighbors would gather from miles around to listen to a favorite program playing on the one set in town." Popular programs included: Amos 'n' Andy, Little Orphan Annie, Jack Benny, Burns and Allen, Dick Tracy, The Lone Ranger, Edger Bergen nad Charlie McCarthy, and Buck Rodgers. these programs were divided up by genres such as news, music, family series, sports, soap operas, and dramas. According to an article published by PBS, The Radio in the 1930's "It (the radio) marked the advent of the soap opera, a running story that people could return to, with characters the could sympathize with and love. The series "Our Gal Sunday'- about a small town girl finding love with a wealthy Englishman- had the young women of the country glued to their sets." What all these programs had in common was that they provided Americans with not only a 'distraction' but would also be a type of entertainment would bring people together then and later on in the future.

History speech

The 20’s was a time of change in the United States. The economy started to boom, growth had begun in education and in its importance, there was even a positive change in the culture, and even in the everyday lives of Americans in general.

After WWI, the United Sates was to become #1 in industrial manufacturing and expansion and also in the development of new technology. World War I decimated Europe leaving the United States to be still functioning in a sense. The US had the capabilities, resources, and the manpower to keep running and have the ability to manufacture the goods and products that Europe needed. More jobs were needed and created to help with the growth in manufacturing.

    Though there were more jobs, there were still very few “suitable” jobs for women leaving them to have little professional opportunities. For the women who did work, they came from the working class, these were the women who had to juggle being a wife, a mother, and a worker. By working, women had started to change the norm for themselves. No longer did they have to be a stay at home mothers but they too could be professionals. They showed that men did not have to be the sole breadwinner for the family.

Education had also been of great importance for children during this time. Schools and colleges helped provide children with new social patterns, their own hobbies, interests, and activities. Because of the boom in the auto industry, children (more specifically teenagers) no longer had to work on farms but were now able to leave rural areas to the city to work at factories. Working on farms did not have a need for a formal education, but with the modernization economy, specialized education was a need.

Harlem, New York the birthplace of the Harlem Renaissance. By the end of World War I, Harlem became the nation’s largest and most influential place for African American communities. Jazz musicians from the Harlem renaissance included Duke Ellington, Jelly Roll Morton, and Fletcher Henderson. These were the people who helped spread African American culture to the nation by trying to show its importance and richness through music.

Nativism was big during this time. The emergency immigration act of 1921 had established a quota that limited the amount of immigrants allowed in the nation.  Followed by the National Origins Act of 1924, it only further strengthened the exclusionists’ laws in Act of 1921. These restrictions also were a point to help keep jobs in the US to only Americans rather than to immigrants. These new jobs that were being created in this time were needed more for the soldiers who were coming back from the War than the immigrants.

 These advancements, growths, and changes are what made the 1920’s to be known as the, roaring 20’s a time where the United States was at an all-time high and people were living the “American Dream”.

Advertising by Victoria Spera

In the book Advertising, the author Victoria Spera brings the readers insight and understanding to the world of advertisement in the 1920's. By using "slang" words from the 20's the readers have the ability to indulge in the lifestyle and purpose of  advertisement such as propaganda. Thanks to Victoria Spera we are able to have a better understanding of the world of the 1920's.

The Women Became Independent: The Story of a Flapper

The Women Became Independent: The Story of a Flapper by Mary Leigh Oliver brings light to the role of women in the 1920's. This mini book is focused on the life of Rosetta a woman who wants to be more than just a housewife but an "independent, free-willed, and strong women." To achieve this we read on how her life is changed when she achieves her dream of getting a job. As you read you will see her insight and knowledge of the 1920's but the facts and slang used in that time period.

My Mini Book on the 1920's: Nativism and The Klan

Within the book, I had used 12 slang words that were used in the 1920's. My mini book was titled Nativism and The Klan. The book was based on a 12-year-old boy named Jason living in the 1920's and his views, opinions, and things he had experienced while growing up. 

WWI Poster Analysis

When you think about WWI the word propaganda might come to mind. I would define propaganda as to use something that might be misleading as a way to persuade someone to do something. Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines propaganda as "ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are spread in order to help a cause, a political leader, a government, ect." During this time the government used propaganda as much as they could to have people to enlist in the army. One way the government did this was by creating posters to 'persuade' people into enlisting. 

When first looking at the poster I notice the man on the horse (the cavalry) and the wording saying "Your Duty". The cavalry symbolizes how how by joining the army is heroic and it will make a difference. Because of the white background the red saying "Your Duty!" really popped which draws the eye, it makes you feel that it's what you're suppose to do as an American citizen. The artist intent/message was to draw people into joining the army by showing visually that its heroic and it's the right thing for them to do. I feel as though that this poster was intended for those who were looking for their purpose during this time, and that this purpose was answered by the poster.

_________________________________________________________________________________

When initially looking at this poster I see Uncle Sam and the large red "YOU". The artist used Uncle Sam as a symbol of the government to say that the government personally wanted them for the army, for them to enlist. The large red YOU helped bring that message across. This poster was for those who wanted to do more for their country and this poster helped show that they were needed specifically. 

_________________________________________________________________________________

When looking at this poster initially my eyes instantly travel to the women dressed in the navy uniform. The artist used the woman any the saying "I want you for the navy." to persuade men that they would her hero if they were to join the navy. This poster was used for the men who were looking to be someone's hero and this poster showed that they would be her hero by joining.

_________________________________________________________________________________

I am honestly against the idea of the federal government spending, tax dollars to create a propaganda campaign to convince you of something. The federal government felt it was necessary to invest in producing propaganda posters during WWI because without it no one would enlist. The young men of this time period needed to be persuaded to join the military because without it they were too scared to do it so it resulted them not enlisting. This was basically a last result for the federal government to have people enlist in the military.

The thesis that encompasses all the ideas in the Progressive Era

Reforms were used in the Progressive Era to help attack all problems of life for everyone.The Progressive Era was a time of innovation in the quality of life, new expectations for the government, new inventions in technology, and health and fitness for everyone.

Ch. 21 questions

    1 Broad movements emerged around passionate issues except

a.        Woman suffrage <

b.       Racial equality

c.        The rights of labor.

d.      Role of political parties and political machines

e.       Keeping the morals the same

     2  What are “Boston marriages.”

a.       Woman living with other woman and were not romantically involved.

b.      Woman that were romantically involved with other woman, but did not live with them to insure not to get caught.

c.       Woman who lived with other women and were often in long-term relationships were secretly romantic<

d.      Marriages that happened in Boston that were uniquely different from other marriages in other states

e.       Women that lived with other woman who were often romantically involved and later married in secret

      3 There were campaigns to eliminate all of the follow except

a.       Alcohol from national life

b.      To curb prostitution

c.       To expand immigration

d.      To limit divorce 

e.       To restrict immigration.<

Living Essay about Progressivism

In class today I worked with Carson and Ben on our in class writes about Progressivism. We took our ideas (Gang Crimes, Black Sox Scandal, and the Invention of Radios) and research of those ideas to find a connecting theme about Progressivism and create a Living Essay about what we found.

Thesis:
 One of the major aspects of the progressive era was how the government began to make regulations and laws to make a better quality of life. Going from something as big as to prohibition all the way to something as small as the radio the government provided safety and better expectations for all.

Conclusion:
One of the major aspects of the progressive era was how the government began to make regulations and laws to make a better quality of life. Going from something as big as to prohibition all the way to something as small as the radio the government provided safety and better expectations for all. From the crimes created by gangs to the Black Sox Scandal to the inventions of radios, people wanted there to be higher standards for society and for this to happen the government had to be involved by creating laws/regulations to insure that the standard was reached.

The Invention of the Radio 1902-1916

     What were you able to discover, learn, and understand about the invention of the radio by examining primary source evidence in the newspaper archive? What did this topic have to do with Progressivism as a movement in the late 19th century early 20th century America? The Progressive Era is described by Google "was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States, from the 1890s to 1920s." 

     The wireless telegraphy was just the first stepping stone to what now the radio. Invented in 1902 by Guglielmo Marconi the wireless telegraphy opened a new door to communicate not just for the America, but for everyone when helps conducting Transatlantic Radio Communication in 1901 and the Transatlantic Radio Station in 1907. An article named invention of the radio it had that “For more than 50 years the radio was widely used and known to be the first “mass medium” for information.” Back then it was known to the newest thing for technology which was a phenomenon. In an article dated back to 1922 “Radio Set for Every Family Is Inventor’s Prediction” by the Fort Wayne News Sentinel it had talked about how one inventor credited with the invention of the radio Lee De Forest had predictions for the future for families and radios. To be able to read how he had such high hopes for the radio seemed to be hopeful. He wants everyone to benefit from this invention not just himself, by making it easy to use and cheap it helps give people the opportunity to be more educated on what was going on in life (news) and broaden their cultural views (ex. Music). I an article titled the radio it talked about how it helped change the entertainment period for everyone. When reading this article Historic Dates about the Radio published in 1922 the Charlotte Observer I was able to read what people thought about this new invention. For example, in 1907 in New York on the corner of Broadway and 37^th Street the first song was ever played, and how in 1916 the first podcasting of news and music happened on the radio. Because there were endless opportunities for the radio restrictions had to come into play. 

     Yes, the radio progressed in technology and entertainment, but it had also widened the spectrum in culture and how people got their news and information on what was happening in the United States. To make sure there were no interferences with patens, usage, what was said about the government, and what was happening politically the government had to come along and make more laws for people to follow. This invention is just a small example of how progressivism was incorporated in every aspect of the people’s lives. 

3rd Quarter Reflection

When it comes to research I now have a greater understanding of how to do conduct it. I understand the type of sources I need to use so that I have a better, more concrete material and how cite my notes so that I know where my information was from when I use them. When we began to  analyze the political cartoons I was able to figure out their specific meaning by using my knowledge I knew about the time period they had come from. By knowing the conflict happening in that specific time period, reading, recognizing irony, and symbolism I'm able to decipher the meaning of the cartoon. Now that the reading questions are harder I hope that when it comes to the test that I will do better in every aspect of the test since the new questions challenge me more on the chapter. In the coming week towards the end of the 9 weeks I hope that I could have a better understanding of the reading so that when it comes to test I do better and not mess up the short answer by miss understanding what the question asks.

Progressive Movement Era

I would define progress as a movement going forward in time or place. Webster Dictionary defines progress as " a movement forward or toward a place" and " the process of improving or developing something over a period of time." People referrer to the time between the 1890s - 1920s as the Progressive Era. According to an article named The Progressive Era (The New Era) it was deemed to this term because of the movement going forward in society and the economy. According to the article Theodore Roosevelt: The Making of a Progressive Reformer, President Roosevelt "endorsed"  "minimum wage laws" and "mother's pension". According to Causes of the Progressive Movement because there was a "Negative Impact in Industrialization" working conditions had worsened, "rapid" urbanization had caused housing quality to plummet, there was a "rise in crime" in the urban areas, and there was also a " discrimination" against women (aka "Womens suffrage). All the goals that the Progressive movements that the government wanted had turned put to not come true, but became even more of a problem the people w\had wanted. It seems as though by trying by trying to help make a progressive movement in society and the economy it seemed to worsen everything they had tried to make better.

1. Essential goals worth striving for/ Necessary changes: provide Health and Safety codes, bring political reform, and stray away power from big corporate companies and try to "regulate" business, and improve working conditions. Causes of the Progressive Movement
2. Good Goals – bring equality to both genders and try to  save natural resources.  Causes of the Progressive Movement
3. Not a good idea- Banning of Acolhol (why ban something that everyone does and will go against the law to keep doing it)

Futuristic Predictions From 50-100 Years Ago

Many predictions from 50-100 years ago have been the most interesting because they were either spot on or completely wrong. Predictions that were made that came from Scary Accurate Predictions From Over 110 Years Ago and Ten 100-year predictions that came true were 1) The American will be taller 2) Ready cooked meals will be bought 3) Trains will travel up to 150 miles per hour 4) Being able to travel to England in two days 5) The invention of the Television. These "wish list" were more of hope than a warning, having these predictions were what people wanted because then it would make life easier for them in the future. These predictions that were listed above were for the most part completely on tracked and had come true. One example of a prediction that was bizarre was fishing for seagulls. Why would we want to do that in general, unless you eat them. All of these predictions were seemed to be focused on electrical and consumer products such as food like fruit and vegetables. All these people were hoping for a better world not just for them, but for the families so that they would not have to struggle like they are. In the future, I see that the world would be overpopulated, there would be less communication between people in the aspect of face to face, and that there will be more exploration by trying to populate other planets.

I believe that we have no control over our future, what will be will be. One group that for sure has control over the future is the government. i believe this because they make the rules and laws that we the people follow, they have limited power but power in general to make us do things that can result in a great future or horrible future.

Hawaiian: The Legend of Eddie Aikau

The filmmakers decided to name the documentary Hawaiian, The Legend of Eddie Aikua, because he was a symbol of what surfing was originally about the Hawaiian culture. The life of Eddie Aikua shows way of Hawaiian culture through surfing and being a champion and legend , being one with the Earth, and trying to make the statement clear that Hawaiian are worth more then what others think. ESPN's programming had focused the documentary on surfing with an underlining topic of Hawaiian culture. The filmmakers showed this through imagery of actual pictures and videos, one on ones with his family members and close friends, and moving reenactments of major points that had occur. If this documentary was to be created by another programming company such as PBS or the History channel it would be more about his life but maybe go more in depth of the Hawaiian culture because it was his calling/meaning in life, being Hawaiian made him who he was.

America Seizing the Philippines

If I were to make a documentary the main topic would be how American seized and colonized the Philippines. The focus would be the reasoning and the actions done towards the Philippines. I would go into depth on the struggles that President McKinley faced when it came to what he would do with the Philippines. I would also look into how many options he had and why he thought the one he had was the best and how did it become beneficial for the United States. The angle would be how  President McKinley's choice made a the people of the United Sates come to the idea of Imperialism, how it made people question their thoughts, knowledge, and ideas of what they thought America was about, and how the Philippines reacted towards what was happening to them and their country.

How do you analyze political political cartoons?

When it came to analyzing political cartoons I knew that in order to understand what is being illustrated I needed to know/understand prior or outside knowledge, reading what little words are in the cartoon itself and interpreting them,  and try to find aspects of irony in the illustration also. When I look up guides to analyzing political cartoons other that what I had already knew there were other aspects such as  symbolism, exaggeration, and analogies. Learning this new information I now that the guide I had searched (It's No Laughing Matter: Cartoon Analysis Guide) would be the best to use when analyzing because there are more specific "instructions" on what to do and explains why.When it comes to analyzing political cartoons I look for symbolism, irony and writing within the This guide had also used my methods so in my opinion I would use this when comes to analyzing these cartoons because it gives the steps that would help, the reasoning behind the steps, and some questions to ask when I am analyzing the cartoon.

1899 political cartoon by Mccay

Uncle Sam (United States) is being tied up by a rope by a mule that is the "Philippines". It symbolizes that the US is getting tied up in something that is bigger than them.

The Hawaiian Gazette

This cartoon illustrates Uncle Sam and two younger children who are presumably Cuban and Hawaiian. The texts says "Who'll get the wish-bone?". During this time (1897)  Hawaii and Cuba were still territories and were near the time of the becoming annexed. It seems as though Uncle Sam is bullying the little children, that he taunting them. The United Sates seemed to believe that they were better the territories because they were taking care of them.

President McKinley

This cartoon symbolizes the reluctance of McKinley deciding whether or not to give that Philippines back to Spain because he didn't want to be imperialist. He then decided to keep the Philippines to "help" them and educate them so that they can become independent. 

Phrenology

In our research we observed and took notes on a bust for its use, was it an artifact who created it. thus bust would be considered a secondary source since it is not the original. For research in general my group used prior knowledge on what we already knew on what this bust was, but we also used google to find scholarly information on everything about it. this type of bust was originally made or created by a German Physiologist Franz Gall in 1796. This bust was primarily used in the early 19th century for usage on phrenology and science of the brain, the bust was later recreated by LN Fowler. the importance of this bust later became outdated and incorrect when later science came in to perspective and prove the information given from the bust to be wrong. This research helped helped me fine tune my search on in making my search more specific.